Constipation, often suspected by pet owners (but in fact it rarely occurs in pets,) occurs when the pet is unable to properly evacuate its bowels. As a result, the feces remain in the colon where water from the fecal material continues to be absorbed by the colon. The fecal matter dries out and [...]

Cognitive disorder/cognitive dysfunction is associated with age-related deterioration of a dog or cat’s cognitive functioning. The condition most commonly affects pets 11 years of age and older. Changes that occur in pets with cognitive disorder result from physical and chemical changes within the cerebrum, including deposition of beta amyloid protein, atrophy from nerve [...]

Cancer most commonly occurs in older dogs cats. There are many cancers in pets including solid tumors such as fibrosarcomas (which often occur following vaccinations especially in cats,) and cancers of the blood and lymphatic systems such as lymphosarcoma. Common causes of cancers include genetic factors (such as bladder cancer in Scottish Terriers,) chronic [...]

Bladder stones form as microscopic crystals accumulate in the bladder, forming one or more stones. Clinical signs of bladder stones are similar to those seen in dogs and cats with other disorders of the bladder and include increased frequency of urination, painful urination or a burning sensation during urination, excess licking at the genitals, [...]

Bladder infections usually occur as bacteria normally living in and around the lower urinary tract ascend (go up) the urinary tract through the urethra and infect the normally sterile bladder. Clinical signs of either bladder infections or bladder stones are similar and include increased frequency of urination, painful urination or a burning sensation during urination, [...]